Home » Free Calculators » Degree Day Energy Estimation Calculator

Estimates annual space-heating energy, running cost and carbon from a building heat-loss coefficient and UK regional heating degree days (CIBSE TM41).
Enter a heat-loss coefficient directly, or derive one from a design heat loss ÷ ΔT, then pick a UK region preset (or your own degree-day figure) and a boiler or heat-pump system.

Heat-loss coefficient
W/K
Whole-building fabric + ventilation loss coefficient
Degree days
20-year average, base 15.5 °C (CIBSE TM41 / Degree Days Direct)
K·day
Override with a local or base-temperature-corrected figure
Heating system
%
ErP A-rated condensing boiler ≈ 90%
Unit price & emission factor
£/kWh
kgCOâ‚‚e/kWh
Enter the heat-loss and system figures to estimate annual energy
Space-heating demand = heat-loss coefficient (W/K) × degree days (K·day) × 24 ÷ 1,000 (CIBSE TM41 §1.2.1). Fuel input = demand ÷ boiler efficiency (or ÷ heat pump SCOP); cost = fuel × unit price; carbon = fuel × emission factor. Degree-day presets are 20-year averages (1980–1999, base 15.5 °C. CIBSE TM41 / Degree Days Direct); the UK-wide long-term mean has since fallen (DESNZ DUKES, 1991–2020 ≈ 2,061 K·day), so use a local or more recent figure where accuracy matters. Defaults are the DESNZ 2026 / Ofgem Jul–Sep 2026 gas figures; switching to SCOP quick-fills the electricity figures.
Indicative estimate only. Always verify with a qualified engineer.

About this degree day energy calculator

This free degree day energy calculator estimates a building's annual space-heating energy, running cost and operational carbon from its heat-loss coefficient and the local heating degree days. It is aimed at UK M&E and energy engineers, retrofit assessors and building-services designers comparing a boiler against a heat pump, or benchmarking a building's likely fuel use, at feasibility or tender stage. Enter a heat-loss coefficient directly or derive one from a design heat loss, pick a UK region preset, and choose a boiler efficiency or heat-pump SCOP. Everything runs in your browser. Nothing is uploaded.

How degree day energy is calculated

Annual space-heating demand is the CIBSE TM41 §1.2.1 relation demand = heat-loss coefficient × degree days × 24 ÷ 1000 (the engine works in W/K, so it carries the extra ÷1000 to land in kWh). You supply the heat-loss coefficient in W/K, or derive it from a design heat loss ÷ design ΔT. The degree-day presets are 20-year UK regional averages at base 15.5 °C (CIBSE TM41 / Degree Days Direct), and you can override with a local figure. Fuel input is demand ÷ boiler efficiency or demand ÷ heat-pump SCOP; annual cost is fuel × unit price and carbon is fuel × the DESNZ/Defra emission factor.

Reviewed by
Managing Director at Ensign Software. Over 20 years working with UK mechanical, electrical, MEP, ductwork and insulation contractors.
Each calculator cites the standard it follows. For design guidance only: always verify the result with a qualified engineer.

Frequently asked questions

What base temperature do the degree days use?

The traditional UK base of 15.5 °C (CIBSE TM41). Note the presets are 20-year averages and the UK long-term mean has since fallen (DESNZ DUKES puts 1991–2020 at roughly 2,061 K·day), so enter a local or more recent, base-temperature-corrected figure where accuracy matters.

Boiler efficiency or heat-pump SCOP?

Enter a boiler seasonal efficiency in per cent (an ErP A-rated condensing boiler is about 90%) or a heat-pump SCOP (MCS minimum around 2.8, typically 3.0–3.5). Switching system type quick-fills the gas or electricity unit price and emission factor.

Where do I get the heat-loss coefficient?

Enter it directly in W/K, or use the derive option: design heat loss ÷ design ΔT. For example, a total design heat loss from a heat-loss calculation divided by its internal−external temperature difference gives the whole-building coefficient.

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